Wednesday, 27 February 2019

METABOLISM

Definition of metabolism and where it occurs:
Metabolism refers to the processes your body uses to break dow nutrients, form compounds the cells can use for energy and usa those compounds to fuel cellular functions. Your body secretes enzymes to break down food into sugars, proteins and fats. Then each cell of your body can take these in and use them in aerobic or anaerobic metabolic processes to form adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the fuel used in the cell.
The calories from food are burned in this way to produce energy in each cell. Your body´s overall metabolism includes muscle contraction, breathing, blood circulation, maintaining body temperature, digesting food, eliminating wastes and the functions of the brain and nervous system. 
The rate at which you burn calories is called your metabolic rate.
During exercise, you not only increase metabolism in your muscles but also in your respiratory and circulatory systems.
You need a faster rate of breathing and heart rate to deliver oxygen and nutrients to your muscles. Your body also must work harder to prevent overheating, such as through sweating.

Aerobic metabolism: 
 is the way that your body creates energy through the combustion of carbohydrates, amino acids and fats in the presence of oxygen. Combustion means burning, which is why this called burning sugars, fats and proteins for energy.
aerobic metabolism is used for the sustained production of energy for exercice and other body functions.
Examples: walking, running or cycling with sustained effort.

Anaerobic metabolism : 
is the creation of energy through the combustion of carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen. This occurs when your lungs cannot put enough oxygeninto the bloodstream to keep up with the demands ofyour muscles energy.
It´s generally used only for short bursts of actvity.
Examples.  when you go for a sprint when you are running or cycling or when you are lifting heavy weights. 
When there isn´t enough oxygen in the bloodstream, glucose and glycogen cannot be fully broken down t carbon dioxide and water. Instead, lactic acid is produced, which can build up in the muscles and degrade muscle function.

5 comments:

  1. What waste substances generate both metabolism?Is any of these substances harmful to the body?Why?

    What is the energy unit used by the cell?Where does this energy unit come from?

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    1. Cells undergoing aerobic respiration produce 6 molecules of carbon dioxide, 6 molecules of water, and up to 30 molecules of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is directly used to produce energy, from each molecule of glucose in the presence of surplus oxygen.

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  2. These chemical reactions produce waste products such as carbon dioxide, water, salts, urea and uric acid. Accumulation of these wastes beyond a level inside the body is harmful to the body. The excretory organs remove these wastes.

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  3. Also other type is the lactic acid.
    When glucose is used anaerobically, it produces lactic acid waste and is generated from the energy point of view ATP.

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  4. Eukaryotic cells use three major processes to transform the energy held in the chemical bonds of food molecules into more readily usable forms — often energy-rich carrier molecules. Adenosine 5'-triphosphate, or ATP, is the most abundant energy carrier molecule in cells.

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